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Harry Maier
  • 6015 Walter Gage Rd
    Vancouver, British Columbia
    V6T 1Z1
    Canada
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The paper uses contemporary urban studies and network theory to consider the ways in which a writing like the Shepherd of Hermas could have helped to transform the experience of space and urban identity in the crowded neighbourhoods of... more
The paper uses contemporary urban studies and network theory to consider the ways in which a writing like the Shepherd of Hermas could have helped to transform the experience of space and urban identity in the crowded neighbourhoods of Rome. Drawing on the work of Claude Fischer it explores Hermas's religious contribution to the urban fabric of the city of Rome in the creation of a religious subculture and it draws on the work of Sharon Zukin to theorizes Hermas as an urban "place entrepreneur" who used an apocalypse to create a religious identity a particular use of urban space.
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The first inter-disciplinary and cross-disciplinary work of its kind, this book focuses on the importance of visual culture in the study of classical, Roman, and Christian antiquity. It explores the role of the visual in helping to create... more
The first inter-disciplinary and cross-disciplinary work of its kind, this book focuses on the
importance of visual culture in the study of classical, Roman, and Christian antiquity. It
explores the role of the visual in helping to create a vision of the gods and how commitment to
the visibility of the divine affected ancient religious practices, rituals, and beliefs. The essays
deploy a wide range of disciplines that include archaeology, iconology, cultural studies, visual
anthropology, the study of ancient rhetoric, and the cognitive sciences to consider the visual
aspects of ancient religion from a variety of angles. The contributors take up the role of the
visual in multiple contexts including domestic art, the imperial cult, martyrology, ritual practice,
and temples. This groundbreaking book, which includes essays by classicists, Roman historians,
archaeologists, biblical scholars, and scholars of ancient Christian iconography, promises to
advance the discussion of the importance and role of visual culture in shaping the religions of
antiquity in significant new ways.
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What did it mean to be a Christian in the Roman Empire? In one of the inaugural titles of Oxford's new Essentials in Biblical Studies series, Harry O. Maier considers the multilayered social contexts that shaped the authors and audiences... more
What did it mean to be a Christian in the Roman Empire? In one of the inaugural titles of Oxford's new Essentials in Biblical Studies series, Harry O. Maier considers the multilayered social contexts that shaped the authors and audiences of the New Testament. Beginning with the cosmos and the gods, Maier presents concentric realms of influence on the new religious movement of Christ-followers. The next is that of the empire itself and the sway the cult of the emperor held over believers of a single deity. Within the empire, early Christianity developed mostly in cities, the shape of which often influenced the form of belief. The family stood as the social unit in which daily expression of belief was most clearly on view and, finally, Maier examines the role of personal and individual adherence to the religion in the shaping of the Christian experience in the Roman world.

In all of these various realms, concepts of sacrifice, belief, patronage, poverty, Jewishness, integration into city life, and the social constitution of identity are explored as important facets of early Christianity as a lived religion. Maier encourages readers to think of early Christianity not simply as an abstract and disconnected set of beliefs and practices, but as made up of a host of social interactions and pluralisms. Religion thus ceases to exist as a single identity, and acts instead as a sphere in which myriad identities co-exist.
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After a general orientation to post-colonial interpretation of the Book of Revelation, the discussion treats the term post-colonial as a chronological and hermeneutical description. The essay defines the terms postmillennialism and... more
After a general orientation to post-colonial interpretation of the Book of Revelation, the discussion treats the term post-colonial as a chronological and hermeneutical description. The essay defines the terms postmillennialism and premillennialism, and then uses them to describe the uses of Revelation to celebrate the reach of imperial dominion in the Constantinian era, to chart uses of the Apocalypse in interpreting the discovery and settlement of America, and its deployment by Indigenous peoples in the South Pacific and North America to resist colonization. It identifies uses of imperial language in the Book of Revelation and describes the book’s relationship to the Roman Empire as one of entanglement rather than opposition. This leads to an exploration of Revelation using the post-colonial hermeneutical concepts catachresis, mimicry, and hybridity. The Apocalypse reflects a hybrid Roman colonial location that imitates imperial discourse in paradoxical ways in order to promote political resistance and to exhort its audience to faithfulness.
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This essay argues that the exhortations and admonitions voiced in 1 Timothy, a highly rhetorical pseudonymous letter written in Paul’s name, that widows (i.e. unmarried) women attests to a concern with single women’s patronage of Christ... more
This essay argues that the exhortations and admonitions voiced in 1 Timothy, a highly rhetorical pseudonymous letter written in Paul’s name, that widows (i.e. unmarried) women attests to a concern with single women’s patronage of Christ assemblies, which the writing seeks to address by having them marry. The argument seeks to move beyond a common explanation that the epistle was occasioned by ascetical teachings in which women discovered in sexual continence freedom from traditional gender roles. It seeks to furnish a broader economic concern with widows through an historical exploration of the socio-economic status of women who were artisans in the imperial urban economy. It identifies the means by which women gained skill in trades, the roles they played in the ‘adaptive family’ in which tradespeople plied their trade often at economic levels of subsistence. New Testament texts point to artisan women, some of them probably widows, who played important roles of patronage and leadership in assemblies of Christ believers. By attending to levels of poverty in the urban empire, traditional views of the widows of 1 Timothy as wealthier women assigned to gender roles are seen in a new light through consideration of spouses accustomed to working alongside their husbands taking on businesses after they died. While the lives of these women are largely invisible, attention to benefactions of wealthy women to synagogues and associations gives insight into the lives of women acting independently in various kinds of social gatherings.
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Using the tools of social geography, specifically those developed by Edward Soja, Henri Lefebvre, and Oliver Sacks, the essay explores the Gospel of John’s spatial reference to place as it appears in Jesus’ Farewell Discourse (Jn. 14-17)... more
Using the tools of social geography, specifically those developed by Edward Soja, Henri Lefebvre, and Oliver Sacks, the essay explores the Gospel of John’s spatial reference to place as it appears in Jesus’ Farewell Discourse (Jn. 14-17) and the ways it uses narrative to create places for the practices and conceiving of religious identity. Although application of spatial study to John’s Gospel is relatively rare in Johannine studies, it promises much insight especially because John’s Gospel is filled with with numerous references to place and a rich variety of prepositional phrases that ways of being. Through narrative, John offers a spatial temporalization (following Soja, a ‘thirdspace’) for audiences to inhabit and interpret the world around them. John’s Father-Son-Paraclete language of unity (which the Christian tradition has interpreted metaphysically and soteriologically without reference to time and space) creates a place for Johannine discipleship in which listeners reenact the dynamic relationship of its three divine actors. John establishes a particular mode of spatial identity by presenting Father, Son, and Paraclete, together with the narrative’s antagonists and protagonists in particular spaces with a set of behaviours associated with each location. The Johannine reference to Jesus going to prepare a place for his disciples after his death (13.36), and the reference to a mansion with many room (14.2-4) is traditionally interpreted as a reference to the afterlife or a heavenly domain. John however intends this to be understood as a spatial location ‘in the world’, lived out locationally ‘in’ the Paraclete, in rejection by the ‘world’. Metaphysical unity language refers to a narrative of rejection and suffering, which reveals the identity of Johannine believers ‘in but not of the world’. In this regard, John reflects sapiential themes found in the Hebrew Bible and the Intertestamental period that tell of wisdom dwelling on earth and also being rejected.
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This groundbreaking book promises to advance the discussion of the importance and role of visual culture in shaping the religions of antiquity in significant new ways. The first inter-disciplinary work of its kind, that includes essays by... more
This groundbreaking book promises to advance the discussion of the importance and role of visual culture in shaping the religions of antiquity in significant new ways. The first inter-disciplinary work of its kind, that includes essays by classicists, Roman historians, archaeologists, biblical scholars, scholars of ancient Christian iconography, it focuses on the importance of visual culture in the study of Classical, Roman, and Christian antiquity. It explores the role of the visual in its many material, rhetorical, cognitive, and iconographical contexts in helping to create a vision of the gods and how belief and attitudes toward being able to see the divine affected ancient religious practices, rituals, and beliefs.
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Historical Anthropology, New Testament, Postcolonial Studies, Social and Cultural Anthropology, Early Christianity, and 32 more
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The paper takes up the social anthropological study of lines by Tim Ingold as well as the social geography of Michel de Certeau and Henri Lefebvre to consider the fourth-century CE Church History of Eusebius of Caesarea as a series of... more
The paper takes up the social anthropological study of lines by Tim Ingold as well as the social geography of Michel de Certeau and Henri Lefebvre to consider the fourth-century CE Church History of Eusebius of Caesarea as a series of spatiotemporal lines. It discusses specifically the spatiotemporality created by Eusebius's long preface found at the start of the work as a single sentence that creates a linear experience of space and time. Mistranslations of the sentence detract from the linearity Eusebius inscribes. It then explores the history as an imperial linear narrative built on a series of biblical narratives and chains of succession of bishops, teacher and heretics and then considers Eusebius's self-representation as creating a path others can follow. It engages Eusebius's earlier writing, the Chronikon, on which he relied for his Church History, as an alternative set of lines arranged in a series of columns that create a kind of linear time the History goes on to perform in a narrative form. The essay ends with a consideration of the role of reading and appropriation in a colonial inscription of time and space the writer's historical lines create.
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Visual Studies, Theatre Studies, Patristics, New Testament, Postcolonial Studies, and 44 more
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New Testament, Early Christianity, Pauline Literature, Second Temple Judaism, The Letter to the Hebrews, and 39 more
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Political Philosophy, Political Theory, Patristics, Hermeneutics, Theological Hermeneutics, and 30 more
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A chief element against the view that the pseudonymous Pastorals (1 and 2 Timothy and Titus) polemicize against Marcion is the association of opponents with Judaism. The essay addresses this apparent contradiction through an analysis of... more
A chief element against the view that the pseudonymous Pastorals (1 and 2 Timothy and Titus) polemicize against Marcion is the association of opponents with Judaism. The essay addresses this apparent contradiction through an analysis of Tit. 1:10, where the author represents the opposition as ‘of the circumcision.’ The article argues that the reference is a rhetorical charge against Marcion as guilty of promoting community discord. Paul’s report of Gal. 1:18-2:14 was important to Marcion as an account of the apostle’s dedication to his revealed Gospel against opponents in/from Jerusalem. Acts, perhaps motivated by an anti-Marcionite polemic, represents an alternative account, not of Paul opposed by Jerusalem Christ followers, but endorsed by them. The essay observes how Irenaeus and Tertullian in opposition to Marcion seek to harmonize the report from Acts and the confrontation of Paul with Peter in Gal. 2:10-14, to show how Paul never separated from the other disciples, but was instructed by them. The Pastorals polemicize against Marcion in a different way by turning the tables on him and associating him with ‘false brethren’ (Gal. 2:4) and the ‘circumcision party’ (Gal. 2:12; Acts 11:2; 15:2) opposed to Paul’s Gospel. As such they pillory their opponent as a factionalist and thus use the unique accounts reported in Galatians, so important to Marcion, against him.
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Early Church, Early Christianity, Women in the ancient world, Early Christian Apocryphal Literature, New Testament and Christian Origins, and 23 more
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Patristics, New Testament, History of Christianity, Early Christianity, Origins of Christianity, and 22 more
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Social Networks, Patristics, Place and Identity, Space and Place, Early Christianity, and 28 more
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Social Geography, Gender Studies, Visual Studies, Violence, Patristics, and 49 more
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N u r f ü r d e n A u t o r b e s t i m m t / F o r a u t h o r ' s u s e o n l y .
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This article relates Colossian vocabulary, motifs and theological themes to the cultural situation of the cult of the emperor. The author's language and conceptualization of reconciliation as a cosmic and earthly peace (Col.
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This is the English Translation of "Un paseo por la ciudad con Michel de Certeau y San Pablo," in  MIchel de Certeau (1925-1986): una herencia La Torre del Virrey 17.1 (2015): 36-47.
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The essay applies the theoretical study of visual culture to an analysis of the role of the visual in the communication of religious ideas by the New Testament author, Paul. The discussion explores the contributions of anthropologists and... more
The essay applies the theoretical study of visual culture to an analysis of the role of
the visual in the communication of religious ideas by the New Testament author,
Paul. The discussion explores the contributions of anthropologists and iconologists to
the study and understanding of visual culture. After an exploration of the role of vision
in understanding generally, the essay then turns to the goals of creating visual experiences
in ancient rhetoric. The letters of Paul and his followers drew on the experiences
of Roman imperial iconography in multiple media to create their own visual worlds
and effect persuasion.
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Social Geography, Visual Studies, Visual Anthropology, Patristics, Postcolonial Studies, and 42 more
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The aim of the series is interdisciplinary scholarly exchange pertaining to practices and concepts in the double perspective of space and time in studies informed by current theoretical approaches. Spatiality and temporality are treated... more
The aim of the series is interdisciplinary scholarly exchange pertaining to practices and concepts in the double perspective of space and time in studies informed by current theoretical approaches. Spatiality and temporality are treated as constructs in inextricable correlation with each other in contexts both historical and contemporary. The core concern is the role of space and time in people's sociocultural and life-world concepts of themselves and in media representations.
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Introduction Section 1: Forms of Imagining Divine Presences and of Referring to Divine Agents Steven J. Friesen: Material Conditions for Seeing the Divine: The Temple of the Sebastoi at Ephesos and the Vision of the Heavenly Throne in... more
Introduction

Section 1: Forms of Imagining Divine Presences and of Referring to Divine Agents
Steven J. Friesen: Material Conditions for Seeing the Divine: The Temple of the Sebastoi at Ephesos and the Vision of the Heavenly Throne in Revelation 4–5 – Katharina Rieger: Imagining the Absent and Perceiving the Present: An Interpretation of Material Remains of Divinities from the Rock Sanctuary at Caesarea Philippi (Gaulantis) – Kristine Iara: Seeing the Gods in Late Antique Rome – Jörg Rüpke: Not Gods Alone: on the Visibility of Religion and Religious Specialists in Ancient Rome

Section 2: Modes of Image Creation and Appropriation of Iconographies and Visual Cues
Richard L. Gordon: Getting it Right: Performative Images in Greco-Egyptian Magical Practice – Marlis Arnhold: Imagining Mithras in Light of Iconographic Standardization and Individual Accentuation – Robin Jensen: The Polymorphous Jesus in Early Christian Image and Text – David Balch: Founders of Rome, of Athens, and of the Church: Romulus, Theseus, and Jesus. Theseus and Ariadne with Athena Visually Represented in Rome, Pompeii and Herculaneum

Section 3: Evocation of Specific Images in People’s Minds
Harry O. Maier: Seeing the Blood of God: The Triumphant Charade of Ignatius of Antioch the God-Bearer – Annette Weissenrieder: Space and Vision of the Divine: The Temple Imagery of the Epistle to the Ephesians – Brigitte Kahl: Citadel of the God(s) or Satan’s Throne: The Image of the Divine at the Great Altar of Pergamon between Ruler Religion and Apocalyptic Counter-Vision – Vernon K. Robbins: Kinetic Divine Concepts, the Baptist, and the Enfleshed Logos in the Prologue and Precreation Storyline of the Fourth Gospel

Als erste inter-und transdisziplinäre Arbeit richtet der vorliegende Band seinen Fokus auf die Bedeutung der visuellen Kultur in der Erforschung der klassischen, römischen und christlichen Antike. Er untersucht die Rolle des Bildlichen bei der Schaung einer Vorstellung von den Göttern und wie die Festlegung auf eine Sichtbarkeit des Göttlichen die antiken religiösen Praktiken, Rituale und Überzeugungen beeinusste. Die enthaltenen Aufsätze umfassen eine große Bandbreite von Fachgebieten wie Archäologie, Ikonologie, Kulturwissenschaften, visuelle Anthropologie, antike Rhetorik und Kognitionswissenschaft, um die visuellen Aspekte in den antiken Religionen von verschiedenen Blickwinkeln betrachten zu können. Dieses bahnbrechende Buch verspricht, die Diskussion um die Bedeutung und Rolle visueller Kultur für die Gestaltung der Religionen der Antike maßgeblich voranzubringen.
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Lines are omnipresent in our everyday experience and language. They reflect and influence the spatial and temporal structures of our world view. Taking Tim Ingold's cultural history of the line as a starting-point, this book understands... more
Lines are omnipresent in our everyday experience and language. They reflect and influence the spatial and temporal structures of our world view. Taking Tim Ingold's cultural history of the line as a starting-point, this book understands lines as expressions that allow insights into cultural theoretical phenomena and thus go beyond their mere form. The essays will investigate this premise from various disciplines (architecture, art, cartography, film, literature and philosophy).
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